السحالي هي مجموعة متنوعة من الزواحف التي يمكن العثور عليها في كل قارة باستثناء القارة القطبية الجنوبية.
وهي تتراوح في الحجم من أبو بريص الصغير الذي يمكن وضعه على طرف إصبعك إلى الشاشات الضخمة التي يمكن أن يزيد وزنها 100 كلغ.
أقل, a list of the 15 largest living lizards in the world based on their maximum reliable or known mass and length.
These include family types Varanidae, Iguanidae and Teiidae exceeding 9 كلغ (20 رطل) in mass.
1. تنين كومودو
تنين كومودو (فارانوس كومودونسيس) is the undisputed king of the lizards. It is the largest living lizard species, reaching up to 3.13 م (10.27 قدم) in length and 166 كلغ (366 رطل) in weight in captivity.
في البرية, the largest recorded specimen was 3.04 م (9.97 قدم) long and weighed 81.5 كلغ (180 رطل), excluding stomach contents. لكن, it is estimated that some individuals could weigh up to 100 كلغ (220 رطل) including stomach contents.
Komodo dragons are native to a few islands in Indonesia, where they are the top predators. They have powerful jaws, أسنان حادة, venomous saliva, and a keen sense of smell.
These monster lizards can hunt prey as large as deer, الخنازير, and even water buffalo. They are also known to scavenge on carcasses and occasionally cannibalize on smaller dragons.
2. Asian water monitor
The Asian water monitor (فارانوس سالفاتور) is the second largest lizard in the world, and the largest in Asia. It can grow up to 3.21 م (10.53 قدم) in length and 25 كلغ (55 رطل) in weight. لكن, most specimens are much smaller, averaging around 1.5 م (4.9 قدم) و 7 كلغ (15 رطل).
Asian water monitors are widely distributed throughout South and Southeast Asia, where they inhabit various aquatic and terrestrial habitats. They are excellent swimmers and can stay underwater for up to 30 دقائق.
They feed on fish, الضفادع, الثعابين, الطيور, بيض, القوارض, and carrion. They are also known to raid poultry farms and crocodile nests.
3. Crocodile monitor
The crocodile monitor (Varanus salvadorii) is the third largest lizard in the world, and the largest in New Guinea. يمكن أن تصل إلى 2.55 م (8.37 قدم) in length and 20 كلغ (44.1 رطل) in weight.
لكن, these measurements are based on the longest verified specimen, and there are unverified reports of much larger individuals, possibly exceeding 4 م (13 قدم) و 40 كلغ (88 رطل).
Crocodile monitors are arboreal and spend most of their time in the rainforest canopy.
They have long tails that help them balance and maneuver among the branches. They have strong claws and teeth that can inflict serious wounds. They feed on birds, الثدييات, الزواحف, والبيض. They are also known to scavenge on dead animals and human garbage.
4. مراقب النيل
The Nile monitor (Varanus niloticus) is the fourth largest lizard in the world, and the largest in Africa. It can grow up to 2.43 م (8.0 قدم) in length and 20 كلغ (44.1 رطل) in weight. لكن, these are the maximum values, and most specimens are much smaller, averaging around 1.2 م (3.9 قدم) و 4 كلغ (8.8 رطل).
Nile monitors are widespread throughout sub-Saharan Africa, where they inhabit various freshwater and coastal habitats. They are adaptable and can tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions.
They are voracious and opportunistic feeders, consuming fish, الضفادع, الثعابين, السلاحف, crocodile eggs, الطيور, القوارض, and carrion. They are also known to prey on domestic animals and raid chicken coops.
5. Perentie
The perentie (Varanus giganteus) is the fifth largest lizard in the world, and the largest in Australia. يمكن أن تصل إلى 2.44 م (8.0 قدم) in length and 20 كلغ (44.1 رطل) in weight. لكن, these are the maximum values, and most specimens are much smaller, averaging around 1.5 م (4.9 قدم) و 7 كلغ (15 رطل).
Perenties are endemic to the arid regions of central and western Australia, where they inhabit rocky outcrops and open plains. They are fast and agile, capable of running at speeds of up to 40 km/h (25 mph). They have powerful jaws, أسنان حادة, and venomous saliva.
They feed on a variety of prey, including lizards, الثعابين, الطيور, الثدييات, والبيض. They are also known to scavenge on roadkill and carrion.
6. Black-throated monitor
The black-throated monitor (Varanus albigularis microsticus) is the sixth largest lizard in the world, and the second largest in Africa. It can grow up to 2.1 م (6.89 قدم) in length and 27 كلغ (60 رطل) in weight. لكن, these are the maximum values, and most specimens are much smaller, averaging around 1.3 م (4.3 قدم) و 6 كلغ (13 رطل).
Black-throated monitors are native to eastern and southern Africa, where they inhabit savannas, الغابات, and scrublands.
They are terrestrial and spend most of their time on the ground, but they can also climb trees and swim.
They have strong claws and teeth that can crush bones. They feed on a variety of prey, بما في ذلك الحشرات, العناكب, العقارب, القواقع, crabs, السحالي, الثعابين, السلاحف, الطيور, بيض, والثدييات الصغيرة.
7. Lace monitor
The lace monitor (Varanus varius) is the seventh largest lizard in the world, and the second largest in Australia.
يمكن أن تصل إلى 2.0 م (6.55 قدم) in length and 14 كلغ (30.87 رطل) in weight. لكن, these are the maximum values, and most specimens are much smaller, averaging around 1.3 م (4.3 قدم) و 4 كلغ (8.8 رطل).
Lace monitors are endemic to eastern Australia, where they inhabit forests, الغابات, and coastal areas.
They are arboreal and spend most of their time in the trees, but they also descend to the ground to forage and bask. They have long claws and teeth that can pierce skin.
They feed on a variety of prey, بما في ذلك الحشرات, العناكب, السحالي, الثعابين, الطيور, بيض, والثدييات الصغيرة. They are also known to raid nests of termites and bees.
8. Blue iguana
The blue iguana (سيكلورا لويزي) is the eighth largest lizard in the world, and the largest in the Caribbean. It can grow up to 1.5 م (4.91 قدم) in length and 14 كلغ (30.87 رطل) in weight.
لكن, these are the maximum values, and most specimens are much smaller, averaging around 1.2 م (3.9 قدم) و 5 كلغ (11 رطل).
Blue iguanas are endemic to the island of Grand Cayman, where they inhabit dry forests and shrublands. They are terrestrial and spend most of their time on the ground, but they can also climb rocks and trees. They have strong jaws and teeth that can crush seeds and fruits.
They feed mainly on plants, but they also eat insects, العناكب, القواقع, and fungi. They are critically endangered due to habitat loss, invasive species, and human persecution.
9. Galapagos land iguana
The Galapagos land iguana (Conolophus subcristatus) is the ninth largest lizard in the world, and the second largest in the Caribbean.
يمكن أن تصل إلى 1.5 م (4.91 قدم) in length and 13 كلغ (28.66 رطل) in weight. لكن, these are the maximum values, and most specimens are much smaller, averaging around 1.0 م (3.3 قدم) و 4 كلغ (8.8 رطل).
Galapagos land iguanas are endemic to the Galapagos Islands, where they inhabit arid and semi-arid zones. They are terrestrial and spend most of their time on the ground, but they can also climb cacti and rocks.
They have strong jaws and teeth that can shred leaves and stems. They feed mainly on plants, but they also eat insects, العناكب, carrion, and bird droppings.
They are vulnerable due to habitat degradation, invasive species, and volcanic eruptions.
10. Marine iguana
The marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus) is the tenth largest lizard in the world, and the third largest in the Caribbean.
It can grow up to 1.4 م (4.59 قدم) in length and 12 كلغ (26.46 رطل) in weight. لكن, these are the maximum values, and most specimens are much smaller, averaging around 0.8 م (2.6 قدم) و 3 كلغ (6.6 رطل).
Marine iguanas are endemic to the Galapagos Islands, where they inhabit rocky shores and intertidal zones. They are the only lizards that can swim and dive in the ocean. They have flattened tails and spiny crests that help them propel and steer underwater.
They have sharp teeth that can scrape algae and seaweed from rocks and coral. They feed mainly on marine plants, but they also eat insects, crustaceans, والسمك.
These animals are threatened by climate change, oil spills, and introduced predators.
11. Rhinoceros iguana
The rhinoceros iguana (دورة مقرن) is the eleventh largest lizard in the world, and the fourth largest in the Caribbean. يمكن أن تصل إلى 1.36 م (4.46 قدم) in length and 10 كلغ (22.05 رطل) in weight. لكن, these are the maximum values, and most specimens are much smaller, averaging around 1.0 م (3.3 قدم) و 3 كلغ (6.6 رطل).
Rhinoceros iguanas are native to Hispaniola, where they inhabit dry forests, scrublands, and rocky areas.
They are terrestrial and spend most of their time on the ground, but they can also climb trees and rocks. They have a prominent horn-like projection on their snout that gives them their name. They have strong jaws and teeth that can crush fruits and seeds.
They feed mainly on plants, but they also eat insects, العناكب, القواقع, and carrion. They are endangered due to habitat loss, hunting, and invasive species.
12. Green iguana
The green iguana (الإغوانا الإغوانا) is the twelfth largest lizard in the world, and the fifth largest in the Caribbean.
It can grow up to 2.0 م (6.55 قدم) in length and 9.1 كلغ (20 رطل) in weight. لكن, these are the maximum values, and most specimens are much smaller, averaging around 1.5 م (4.9 قدم) و 4 كلغ (8.8 رطل).
Green iguanas are widespread throughout Central and South America, and have been introduced to many other regions, where they are considered invasive. They inhabit various tropical and subtropical habitats, such as forests, المستنقعات, and urban areas.
They are arboreal and spend most of their time in the trees, but they also descend to the ground to forage and bask. They have long tails that can whip predators and help them balance.
They have sharp teeth that can slice leaves and stems. They feed mainly on plants, but they also eat insects, العناكب, بيض, and carrion.
13. Northern Sierra Madre forest monitor
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The northern Sierra Madre forest monitor (Varanus bitatawa) is the thirteenth largest lizard in the world, and the fourth largest in Asia. يمكن أن تصل إلى 1.8 م (5.84 قدم) in length and 9 كلغ (19.84 رطل) in weight. لكن, these are the maximum values, and most specimens are much smaller, averaging around 1.2 م (3.9 قدم) و 3 كلغ (6.6 رطل).
Northern Sierra Madre forest monitors are endemic to the island of Luzon in the Philippines, where they inhabit lowland and montane rainforests.
These reptiles are arboreal and spend most of their time in the canopy, but they also forage on the ground. They have long tails that help them grip branches and vines.
They have sharp teeth that can pierce shells and exoskeletons. They feed mainly on fruits, but they also eat snails, crabs, الحشرات, والفقاريات الصغيرة. They are vulnerable due to habitat loss and hunting.
14. الفعل الأحمر
The red tegu (احمرار الخجل المنقذ) is the fourteenth largest lizard in the world, and the largest in South America. It can grow up to 1.4 م (4.59 قدم) in length and 9 كلغ (19.84 رطل) in weight.
لكن, these are the maximum values, and most specimens are much smaller, averaging around 0.9 م (3.0 قدم) و 2 كلغ (4.4 رطل).
Red tegus are native to Argentina, بوليفيا, باراغواي, and Brazil, where they inhabit savannas, المراعي, and woodlands. They are terrestrial and spend most of their time on the ground, but they can also climb trees and swim.
They have strong claws and teeth that can dig and tear. They feed on a variety of prey, بما في ذلك الحشرات, العناكب, الديدان, القواقع, بيض, الطيور, القوارض, والزواحف. They are also known to scavenge on carrion and human garbage.
15. Gray’s monitor
The gray’s monitor (Varanus olivaceus) is the fifteenth largest lizard in the world, and the fifth largest in Asia. يمكن أن تصل إلى 1.88 م (6.16 قدم) in length and 8.9 كلغ (19.62 رطل) in weight.
لكن, these are the maximum values, and most specimens are much smaller, averaging around 1.4 م (4.6 قدم) و 3 كلغ (6.6 رطل).
Gray’s monitors are endemic to the islands of Luzon, Polillo, and Catanduanes in the Philippines, where they inhabit lowland and montane rainforests.
They are arboreal and spend most of their time in the canopy, but they also forage on the ground. They have long tails that help them grip branches and vines. They have sharp teeth that can pierce shells and exoskeletons.
They feed mainly on fruits, but they also eat snails, crabs, الحشرات, والفقاريات الصغيرة. They are endangered due to habitat loss and hunting.
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